The National Science Library at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has been leading the way in the development of open access in China. Open access means the free (gratis) availability of peer-reviewed literature to the public on the internet, permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, or link to the full texts of the articles (Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2002). There are two ways o achieve this; through open access journals and through institutional or subject-based repositories.